If the importer needs a license and neglects to apply—and you ship anyway against the L/C—you are still entitled to payment because you took care of things at your end. Pre-Lab Assignment Name Ammar Al-Rubaye Exp # 8 Title Brief description of tasks “ Through this experiment I will be able to gain an understanding of the chemical and physical changes that may be enhanced through the energy changes. 路線テクニック. Their role is to … The Bureau of Export Administration (BXA) maintains the (CCL) within The Electronic Code of Federal Regulations e-CFR—better known as Export Administration Regulations (EAR). Once you know all of this information, you can consult the Commerce Control List (CCL) that will state your license requirements. The good news is that the majority of products exported are covered by a general license. In either case, you should find out from your customer if an import license is needed. If, on the other hand, your customer fails to get an import license and you ship on an open account, you may not get paid until weeks or months later. You should check to see, however, if your shipment requires a shipper's export declaration (SED), which helps U.S. Customs to monitor shipment licensing. Ideally, your customer will be knowledgeable about possible barriers to entry. ¨æã®è¶
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ã«å»ºè¨ããã¦ããåä¼ç¤¾ï¼å»ºç©ï¼ã®. The BXA is there to help you in your export business. The CCL includes many items such as software, commodities, and technology, which are subject to the export licensing authority of the BXA. 都市開発のコツ. Once you've checked the e-CFR and confirmed with your Department of Commerce that you do not need a VL, you can proceed with your shipment under a general license without having to make a formal license application. As an example, your product may be subject to short supply control. 資材テクニック. For example, if you are exporting food, medical, or electrical goods your customer may not be able to import these items until they conduct an inspection to see that the goods meet local standards. 1 to Part 738 of the e-CFR for comprehensive instructions on using the Country Chart, along with a detailed example. The BXA is there to help you in your export business. Various requirements of the e-CFR depend upon your knowledge of the end-use, end-user, ultimate destination, or other details of the export transaction. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. The change in heat is measured with three parameters: the mass of the object, the temperature change, and the specific heat. ARTDINK社の「A列車で行こう９ Master Edition (version4.0)」に関するコンテンツを掲載しています。, 工場は、１営業日につき 22個の資材を生産します。一週間（ 5営業日）で22×5=110個です。工場（大）の敷地には、128個の資材が置けるため、一週間放置しても倉庫は満杯になりません。, となります。しかし、実際には、工場の維持管理費が 1,230,000円/日（景気により増減）発生するため、維持管理費込みの資材原価は、164,000円/個、利益は 36,000円/個 になります（計算式は後述参照）。, となります。工場の維持管理費（費用）が景気により増減するため、これは景気がゼロの場合の理論値です。また、別途、資産税が課せられます。計算式の詳細は、以下の表を参照してください。, 上記の計算式より、工場（大）で製造した資材の原価は、経費÷資材生産数＝163,978円≒164,000円となります。, 工場の建設費を工場のみで回収するには、営業利益ベースで25年、純利益ベースで39年 を要します。しかし、実際のゲームでは、後述の貨物列車が大きな利益を生みだすため、会社全体で考えると工場は高収益です。, となります。しかし、工場と同様に、資材置き場の維持管理費が 300,000円/日（景気により増減）発生するため、実際にはほとんど儲かりません。, 工場から貨物列車に資材を積み込むため、「工場の収入」と「貨物列車の支出」は同額です。貨物列車から資材置き場に資材を搬入するため、「貨物列車の収入」と「資材置き場の支出」は同額です。結果的に、資材消費時の収入から工場の原価を差し引いた 営業利益は 320,000円/個 になります。（この「営業利益」は、「税引き前利益」と同額です）, 工場と資材置き場の維持管理費を日割りで計算して、税金も含めて再計算すると以下のようになります。, 税引き後の 純利益は 153,900円/個 になります。滞りなく資材を消費できれば、工場、貨物列車、資材置き場の全てが儲かります（現実は、資材置き場がほぼ赤字になりますが・・・）。, しかし、実際のゲームでは、大量の余剰資材が発生します。そこで、上手く活用できるのが、隣町に資材を売る 方法です。, 隣町の資材価格は、購入時も売却時も450,000円/個です。工場で生産した資材を隣町に販売する時の利益は、資材 1個につき、, 工場の維持管理費を日割りで計算して、税金も含めて再計算すると以下のようになります。, 工場の維持管理費を考慮すると、資材１個あたりの 純利益は 228,150円/個 になります。資材置き場のコストが不要なため、地産地消より利益率が高くなりました。この方法により、貨物列車が莫大な利益を生み出します（後述参照）。, 年間の純利益は、228,150円/個×5346個＝12億1969万円 になります。つまり、工場の建設費は、4年間で回収 できます。, 港から資材を輸送する場合も、貨物列車で隣町に輸送する場合と仕組みは同じです。輸出した資材の売却益は、コンテナ港の売上 になります。資材を輸入した場合も港が資材の購入費用を負担します。つまり、「貨物列車」と「コンテナ港」が同じ役割を担っています。, 資材の取引価格は、貨物列車で隣町に売買する時と同じ、450,000円/個です。コンテナ船の資材積載量は30個のため、450,000円/個×30個＝1,350万円の売上、（450,000円/個－300,000円/個）×30個＝450万円の営業利益 になります。, 港の収益は、航路の距離が大きく影響します。往復に１時間半を要する航路であれば、１年間で270億円の営業利益 を稼ぐことができます。ただし、輸送する資材を生産するために、工場（大）22個（建設費1,082億円）が必要になります。, １つ前のページに記載した、初級マップ攻略編「ひしめきあう街」で実際に建築した工場地帯について触れます。１つの駅に工場（大）×12個、これが私の基本構成です。, 仮に、生産した資材を全て売却すると、一週間で 2,750万円×12ヶ所＝3.3億円１年間で約172億円の収益（税引き前）になります。, この収益は、リニア新幹線の収益に比べれば少ないものの、Ａ９の攻略では重要です。特に「株なしルール」でプレーしている場合、リニア新幹線が開通するまでの序盤戦の資金稼ぎにおいて、とても有効な手段になります。, これがクリア直前の「ひしめきあう街」のマップです。赤丸で記した 7ヶ所に工場地帯を設置しています。余剰資材を隣町に売るために、全てマップの端に位置しています。, 単純計算すると、172億円× 7ヶ所＝1,204億円/年ですが、実際には街中での資材消費量が多いため、これだけの利益は上がりません。, 株ありルールでプレーする場合は、資金を十分に確保できるため、１つの駅に２つの貨物列車を配置しています。１つは建築用の資材を街中に運搬する編成、もう１つは隣町に売却する資材を運搬する編成です。売却用編成は、金曜日のみ運行しますが、余剰資材の量により土日に臨時運行します。, このように編成を配置すると、余剰資材にあわせた臨時列車の運行管理が楽になります。日曜日には、工場の敷地が空になることを徹底します。これで工場をフル稼働させることができます。, 貨物列車による資材売却の収益は、都市が発展していない初期段階では非常に有効です。資金繰りを安定させるためにも、貨物列車を有効に活用したいところです。, 貨物列車の運行で気になるのが、運行費用です。資材を運搬しても、街の資材置き場が満杯だと、利益を出さずに延々と走り続けます。DD51の場合、24時間走り続けると、約330万円 の経費を要します。Mc250の場合は倍の約620万円、EC6の場合は約560万円の経費を要します。, これを多いと見るか少ないと見るかは、マップや経営状況にもよりますが、貨物列車が億単位の利益を上げること考えると、ほとんど問題ないと考えるケースが多いと思います。, 参考までに、貨物列車が資材の積載・荷降ろしするための最短停車時間は、資材を36個積載する DD51で 9分、32個積載する Mc250系で 8分 です。, 駅周辺の発展を無視して、可能な限り、資材工場を配置してみました。駅は地下にあります。工場は、79施設あります。資材の生産量は、22個×79施設＝1,738個/日です。, 全資材を売却する場合の貨物ダイヤ編成は、簡単です。「平日のみ運行」にすれば、10両×３編成で無駄なく売却できます。, 貨物列車だけ運用しても１駅＋３編成のみでこれだけの利益を稼げます。もちろん、これだけ大きな工業地帯は、大量の乗客が見込めるため、地下に旅客列車を運行させれば、さらに膨大な運賃収益が見込めます。唯一の問題点は、初期投資が莫大なこと です。, Ａ列車で行こう９は、工場と貨物列車による資材の入出荷（積み下ろし）だけでも、ある程度は街が発展します。もちろん、資材より客車で乗降客を増やした方が街は発展しますが、ご参考まで。, 資材置き場の有効範囲の公称値（マニュアルの記載値）は 600mですが、実際には600m離れた地点に建設することができません。実測値は、資材置き場（小）で595m、資材置き場（大）で598mでした。資材置き場の横幅は、小が20m、大が40mのため、中心地点からの距離で計算しても600mにはなりません。ちなみに、資材置き場を斜め45度に設置しても、0度、90度の時と有効範囲が変化しません。, 資材置き場の有効範囲ギリギリに沿って店舗を建設するとこんな感じになります。この距離は、感覚的に覚えておくと便利です。, 目安としては、「駅の有効範囲の円（直径）よりやや小さめ」と覚えておくと良いかもしれません。, このホームページに掲載しているコンテンツの無断転載は禁止です。Copyright © 2006-2020 KaK.Copyright © 1985-2019 ARTDINK. The CCL includes many items such as software, commodities, and technology, which are subject to the export licensing authority of the BXA. It's important to be aware of the standards and regulations of the importing country. However, it helps to be aware of shipping restrictions and documentation requirements yourself. If you have secured payment with them, for example, with an Irrevocable Letter of Credit, your customer must take appropriate measures to determine whether they need an import license. [夏]：6月から8月まで、夏に運行します。 [秋]：9月から11月まで、秋に運行します。 [冬]：12月から2月まで、冬に運行します。 [運休]：1月から12月まで、運休します。 [1]～[12]：指定した月に運行します（複数選択可能）。 This time you are looking for the destination country to see if it requires a Validated License (VL). Once you find the e-CFR, getting to the right section isn't terribly difficult. The import license is not your responsibility to arrange but it will help to secure payment whether the license is needed or not. See Supplement No. Your customer is responsible for an import license. You can also contact your Department of Commerce (through their Office of Exporter Services) to go over these steps, as they can sometimes assist you over the phone. Once again, go to the ECCN listings in Part 774 of the e-CFR. Their role is to prevent exports and re-exports contrary to the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States. Once you've made sure that there is no reason why your product should be barred from entry, you may be ready to ship. So, before your customers can accept the import, they will have to check with their FDA-equivalent to make sure the product can be imported. However, your customer will not be able to clear the product at the port of entry until they resolve the licensing problem. The referenced Parts and numbering system from the EAR to the e-CFR can change and be re-classified at any given time. This number—which appears at the end of each category in the CCL—is a "melting pot" classification for items not specified under any CCL entry. You should check with the Department of Commerce to determine the export control commodity number (ECCN) that has been assigned to your type of product. If your country of destination is not listed there, you do not need a Validated License, unless your commodity meets one of the technical exceptions noted within the ECCN. A列車で行こうExp（PS4）の「鉄道利益」に関する攻略情報です。 鉄道利益を増やすには、「列車の定員数と基本運賃・駅間の距離・駅の 乗客需要 」の3つが重要と考えて下さい。 また、 貨物列車 で資材を運んだ場合の利益も鉄道利益となります。 鉄道利益を増やすには？ ARTDINK社の「A列車で行こう9 Master Edition (version4.0)」に関するコンテンツを掲載しています。このページは、貨物列車（資材）で資金を稼ぐ方法について調査したレポートです。 『A列車で行こうExp.』がアップグレードされ、『A列車で行こうExp.+（エクスプレス プラス）』となって2019年11月14日に発売決定！ You should refrain from pursuing the transaction, advise the BXA, and wait. How to Know If a Product Requires an Export License, Making an Accurate Export Product Classification, Importing Country Standards and Requirements, How to Make Your Small Business a Large Business, Business Licenses and Permits for Business Startup, Here Are the Steps to Getting an International Import License, Eleven Questions a Logistics Specialist Will Ask, What You Need To Know About Service as a Dynamic Export Option, Insurance Coverage Needed to Cover Export Shipments, How to Mark Your Product Effectively for Export, How to Hire a Good Customs Broker to Help With U.S. Customs, Guide to Preparing Your Product for Import and Export, How to Avoid Common Pitfalls of the Importing and Exporting Process, How to Look Up Your Employer ID Number and Protect It, Things to Know About Becoming a Customs Broker, 10 Signs Your Insurance Agent Might be Dishonest, The Balance Small Business is part of the. The Bureau of Export Administration (BXA) maintains the (CCL) within The Electronic Code of Federal Regulations e-CFR—better known as Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 子会社の利益. However, if you cannot explain to whom you are selling your product, why the customer is buying it in the first place, or what they will do with it once it is purchased, you've may have a problem. 税金と節税. 批評(レビュー) 基本操作. 経営の流れ. Be sure to check with responsible parties to ensure you are taking the appropriate steps for accurate classification. If you can discuss your transaction in good conscience and with complete confidence, then there should not be any cause for an agency alert. For items subject to the e-CFR but not listed on the CCL, the proper classification is EAR99. Don't let the numbers and abbreviations scare you. If they do not have your product listed, check Part 748 in the e-CFR to find it yourself. 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